"Генетика", 2026 г., № 5

Статьи, опубликованные только в Russian J. of Genetics, № 5 – 2026 г.

Transcription Repression Reverses the Expected Trend of Gene-Targeting Success in Yeast

P.T. Mitrikeski

Faculty of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
Correspondence to P.T. Mitrikeski

The success of gene-targeting in yeast is more efficient with anti-directional targeting modules. These modules have an insertion orientation that does not match the host gene orientation. On the other hand, targeting modules with matching orientations (i.e., codirectional) are less efficient. However, when transcription is repressed, the difference in efficiency between anti-directional and codirectional modules disappears, suggesting that transcription plays a role in shaping the gene-targeting success. An ends-out targeting strategy using the insertion-in approach was employed to target the natural GAL1 locus by the cassette pair gal1::ARG4 in an experimental setting with strongly repressed transcription in both. The putative disruptants were then selected for homologous insertion, auxanographically confirmed, and molecularly analyzed. The quantitative analysis reveals that gene-targeting in systems with repressed transcription reverses the usual trend, in which anti-directional cassettes outperform codirectional cassettes when transcription is active. At the same time, it eliminates the equal targeting ability of both cassette types in systems where the transcription is repressed only in the host gene of the module. These findings reveal a new aspect of yeast genetics, providing an opportunity to develop a novel genetic tool.

DOI: 10.1134/S1022795426700031
К статье на сайте SpringerLink

Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao under Cold and ABA Stress

Y. Pan, Y. Yu, J.J. Chen, Z. Lv, Y.H.g Long, M. Jiang, H. Li

School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
Correspondence to H. Li

This study aimed to find stable reference genes of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (Am) to measure the gene expression at a precise scale in the conditions of cold and abscisic acid (ABA) stress. Gene expression measurements usually need a good internal control to be accurate particularly when there is a different environment. Our group assessed 6 candidate reference genes in both root and leaf tissues by applying four computational analysis methods and an integrated ranking tool. It was shown that the stability of the genes was dependent on the stress treatment and tissue type. Roots were the most stable under cold stresses with GAPDH-2 and leaves with UBQ-2. UBQ-12 was the best in roots and CYP-4 most appropriate in leaves under ABA stress. In order to confirm these results, we examined the expression level of chalcone synthase (CHS) gene, that produces flavonoid and responds to stress. The findings validated that the patterns of expression were not stable when unstable reference genes were used but the recommended genes resulted in stable normalization. The research offers precise recommendations when choosing the right reference genes in Am under specified experimental conditions that enhance the validity of any study on gene expression in the analysis and also facilitate further studies on stress resistance systems and secondary metabolism in this useful plant used in medicine.

DOI: 10.1134/S1022795426700055
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Study on the Mechanism of PSMC6 Gene in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Analysis

X. Yang¹, D.X. Wang², X.Y. Guo¹, Y.W. Liu¹, H.Y. Liu¹

¹ Chengde Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 067000, Chengde, Hebei, China
² Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Innovation of Characteristic Animal Seed Resources in Hebei Province, 066004, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
Correspondence to H.Y. Liu

The role of circular RNA (circRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) as potential biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database is used to obtain expression profiles of Alzheimer’s disease patients (GSE4226, GSE97760, GSE147232, GSE161435, and GSE186929). Preliminary data screening was conducted using R software to identify significantly different circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. The differentially expressed genes were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and the circRNAs and mRNAs involved in the interaction between differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. 63 significantly different mRNAs, 199 significantly different miRNAs, and 55 significantly different circRNAs were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on differential mRNAs to obtain Proteasome 26S Subunit 6 (PSMC6) and Kinase 1 Alpha 1 (CSNK1A1) enriched in Alzheimer’s disease. Eight key circRNAs, 56 mRNAs, and 123 miRNAs were selected through prediction and database screening. miRNAs and circRNAs that interact with the core PSMC6 were selected to construct a core competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for differential expression in peripheral blood of Alzheimer’s disease patients. We found that the regulation of circRNA can lead to changes in the expression of a large number of miRNAs, which further affects the expression of key mRNA (PSMC6) and leads to Alzheimer’s disease pathology. The molecular mechanism of PSMC6 gene regulated by circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in Alzheimer’s disease has been deeply revealed, enriching the understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and providing new perspectives and ideas for theoretical research in this field.

DOI: 10.1134/S1022795426700122
К статье на сайте SpringerLink